Understanding residents’ capacities to support evacuated populations : A study of earthquake and tsunami evacuation for Napier Hill, Napier, Aotearoa New Zealand.

Due to a large regional subduction zone (the Hikurangi subduction zone) and localised faults, Napier City located on the East Coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand is vulnerable to earthquake and tsunami events. On feeling a long or strong earthquake people will need to evacuate immediately inland or to higher ground to avoid being impacted by a tsunami, of which the first waves could start to arrive within 20 minutes (based on the Hikurangi earthquake and tsunami scenario presented in Power et al., 2018). Napier Hill is one such area of higher land, and it is estimated that up to 12,000 people could evacuate there in the 20 minutes following a long or strong earthquake. To understand the capacity of Napier Hill residents to support evacuees, three focus groups were held with a diverse sample of residents from Napier Hill on 21 and 22 July 2019. A follow up email was sent to all participants a week after the focus groups, containing a link to a short six question survey, which was completed by 68 people, most of whom were additional to the focus group attendees. Data from the focus groups and the survey was analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. The findings highlight that in general people were happy to host evacuees and offer support if they were in a position to do so. However, key issues in being able to offer support included the likely lack of resources available after a disaster, ranging from basic needs though to agency support. The research findings will directly inform Napier City Council and Hawke’s Bay Civil Defence Emergency Management Group’s planning for future readiness and response by providing valuable insights for evacuation planningfalseWellingtonHawke's Bay Civil Defence Emergency Management Grou

Neutrinos from active black holes, sources of ultra high energy cosmic rays

A correlation between the highest energy Cosmic Rays (above ~ EeV) and the distribution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) gives rise to a prediction of neutrino production in the same sources. In this paper, we present a detailed AGN model, predicting neutrino production near the foot of the jet, where the photon fields from the disk and synchrotron radiation from the jet itself create high optical depths for proton-photon interactions. The protons escape from later shocks where the emission region is optically thin for proton-photon interactions. Consequently, Cosmic Rays are predicted to come from FR-I galaxies, independent of the orientation of the source. Neutrinos, on the other hand, are only observable from sources directing their jet towards Earth, i.e. flat spectrum radio sources and in particular BL Lac type objects, due to the strongly boosted neutrino emission.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics; 30 pages, 8 figure

Anisotropy study of multiferroicity in the pyroxene NaFeGe2_2O6_6

We present a study of the anisotropy of the dielectric, magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of the multiferroic clinopyroxene NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$. Pyroelectric currents, dielectric constants and magnetic susceptibilities as well as the thermal expansion and the magnetostriction were examined on large synthetic single crystals of NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$. The spontaneous electric polarization detected below $T_{\rm C}\simeq 11.6$ K in an antiferromagnetically ordered state ($T_{\rm N}\simeq 13$ K) is mainly lying within the $ac$ plane with a small component along $b$, indicating a triclinic symmetry of the multiferroic phase of NaFeGe$_2$O$_6$. The electric polarization can be strongly modified by applying magnetic fields along different directions. We derive detailed magnetic-field versus temperature phase diagrams and identify three multiferroic low-temperature phases, which are separated by a non-ferroelectric, antiferromagnetically ordered state from the paramagnetic high-temperature phase.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures. (minor modifications and corrections of the text

The diffuse neutrino flux from FR-II radio galaxies and blazars: A source property based estimate

Water and ice Cherenkov telescopes of the present and future aim for the detection of a neutrino signal from extraterrestrial sources at energies E>PeV. Some of the most promising extragalactic sources are Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). In this paper, the neutrino flux from two kinds of AGN sources will be estimated assuming photohadronic interactions in the jet of the AGN. The first analyzed sample contains FR-II radio galaxies while the second AGN type examined are blazars. The result is highly dependent on the proton's index of the energy spectrum. To normalize the spectrum, the connection between neutrino and disk luminosity will be used by applying the jet-disk symbiosis model from Falcke and Biermann (1995). The maximum proton energy and thus, also the maximum neutrino energy of the source is connected to its disk luminosity, which was shown by Lovelace (1976) and was confirmed by Falcke et al. (1995).Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Astroparticle Physic

Packaging of a large capacity magnetic bubble domain spacecraft recorder

A Solid State Spacecraft Data Recorder (SSDR), based on bubble domain technology, having a storage capacity of 10 to the 8th power bits, was designed and is being tested. The recorder consists of two memory modules each having 32 cells, each cell containing sixteen 100 kilobit serial bubble memory chips. The memory modules are interconnected to a Drive and Control Unit (DCU) module containing four microprocessors, 500 integrated circuits, a RAM core memory and two PROM's. The two memory modules and DCU are housed in individual machined aluminum frames, are stacked in brick fashion and through bolted to a base plate assembly which also houses the power supply

Magnetoelectric properties of A2A_2[FeCl5_5(H2_2O)] with A=A = K, Rb, Cs

The compounds $A_2$[FeCl$_5$(H$_2$O)] with $A=$ K, Rb, Cs are identified as new linear magnetoelectric materials. We present a detailed investigation of their linear magnetoelectric properties by measurements of pyroelectric currents, dielectric constants and magnetization. The anisotropy of the linear magnetoelectric effect of the K-based and Rb-based compound is consistent with the magnetic point group $m'm'm'$, already reported in literature. A symmetry analysis of the magnetoelectric effect of the Cs-based compound allows to determine the magnetic point group $mmm'$ and to develop a model for its magnetic structure. In addition, magnetic-field versus temperature phase diagrams are derived and compared to the closely related multiferroic (NH$_4$)$_2$[FeCl$_5$(H$_2$O)].Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures (updated to the weakly revised version that has been accepted for publication

t-SURFF: Fully Differential Two-Electron Photo-Emission Spectra

The time dependent surface flux (t-SURFF) method is extended to single and double ionization of two electron systems. Fully differential double emission spectra by strong pulses at extreme UV and infrared wave length are calculated using simulation volumes that only accommodate the effective range of the atomic binding potential and the quiver radius of free electrons in the external field. For a model system we find pronounced dependence of shake-up and non-sequential double ionization on phase and duration of the laser pulse. Extension to fully three-dimensional calculations is discussed

The 2-10 keV emission properties of PSR B1937+21

We present the results of a BeppoSAX observation of the fastest pulsar known: PSR B1937+21. The ~ 200 ks observation (78.5 (34) ks MECS (LECS) exposure times) allowed us to investigate with high statistical significance both the spectral properties and the pulse profile shape. The absorbed power law spectral model gave a photon index of ~ 1.7 and N_H ~ 2.3 x 10^22 cm^-2. These values explain both a) the ROSAT non-detection and b) the deviant estimate of a photon index of ~ 0.8 obtained by ASCA. The pulse profile appears, for the first time, clearly double peaked with the main component much stronger than the other. The statistical significance is 10 sigma (main peak) and 5 sigma (secondary peak). The 1.6-10 keV pulsed fraction is consistent with 100%; only in the 1.6-4 keV band there is a ~ 2 sigma indication for a DC component. The secondary peak is detected significantly only for energies above 3 / 4 keV. The unabsorbed (2-10 keV) flux is F_2-10 = 3.7 x 10^-13 erg cm^-2 s^-1, implying a luminosity of L_X = 4.6 x 10^31 Theta (d/3.6 kpc)^2 erg s^-1 and an X-ray efficiency of eta = 4 x 10^-5 Theta, where Theta is the solid angle spanned by the emission beam. These results are in agreement with those obtained by ASCA.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. To appear in the Proceedings of the 270. WE-Heraeus Seminar on Neutron Stars, Pulsars and Supernova Remnants, Jan. 21-25, 2002, Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, eds W. Becker, H. Lesch & J. Truemper. Proceedings are available as MPE-Report 27